Film Trailer Portfolio Essay -- Papers

Film Trailer Portfolio When the task of creating a film carrier bag was number 1 put to us, I had several ideas for the movies context. The first was of a movie in the action genre that dealt with revenge, whilst the other two were in the horror genre. The horror genre appealed to me more, as a low work out film can still have the desired effect by use of different filming techniques, and I valued to depend more on a psychological aspect. My first idea was to do a film about a poltergeist. I had watched several films such as Poltergeist, tho wanted to create a film that relied less on visual effects, something that leant towards the style of Albert Hitchcock, who is still seen today as the Master of Suspense. This Poltergeist idea did intrigue me, but I could not think of a plot thick enough, or original enough to capture an audience. The remaining idea was more original, and would create the flush feel of the horror genre. This idea leant more towa rds several horror films from the 1970s, when a crop of films also used religious undertones to great effect. My idea was for an ancient token to be uncovered that posed a threat to religion, an idea that didnt require special effects or large production values. I took this idea and tried and true to further it by thickening out the plot for the trailer. To do this, I researched other films in the same genre. I looked directly at three films from the stand up three decades, The exorcist, The Name of the Rose and The Sixth Sense. I was first attracted to these films by the techniques that had been used to produce the desired effect on the audience. The Exorcist (William Friedkin 1973)... ... on a Panasonic Digital Camera, and was edited using Pinnacle Studio software on a PC. All of the footage was shot without the use of a tripod after(prenominal) several experiments to see what presented the storyline the most effectively. Most notably at the beg inning of the trailer, a short zoom shot towards a radio vocaliser was attempted with a tripod, but the elegant and fixed camera movement lacked the character and ambience that was available when recorded handheld, especially with the emotional sound cut that accompanied the shot. I decided to use two different tints Editing during I dare not say I wanted the speed of the trailer to change when I was editing, from calm and mellow camera movement with slow transitions, to brisk and abrupt movement with quick transitions. This was my idea of representing chaos.

The Enlightenment and the Electric Battery Essay -- Science History In

The knowledge and the Electric BatteryThis paper is a discussion of the role played by the ideals of the Enlightenment in the invention and judging of artifacts like the electric battery. The first electric battery was built in 1799 by Alessandro Volta, who was both a natural philosopher and an artisan-like armorer of intriguing machines. I will show that the story of Volta and the battery contains three plots, each characterized by its own pace and logic. One is the story of natural philosophy, a second is the story of artifacts like the battery, and the third is the story of the loose, long-term values used to assess achievement and reward indoors and outside expert communities. An analysis of the three plots reveals that late eighteenth-century natural philosophers, despite their frequent celebration of useful knowledge, were not fully prepared to accept the philosophical dignity of artifacts stemming from laboratory practice. Their hesitation was the progeny of a hierarchy of ranks and ascribed competence that was well established within the expert community. In order to make artifacts stemming from laboratory practice fully acceptable within the domain of natural philosophy, some important changes had yet to occur. Still, the case overwhelmingly shows that artifacts rightly belong to the long and varied list of items that make up the bequest of the Enlightenment. The first electric battery was built towards the end of 1799 by a man who was both a natural philosopher - a member of the Republic of garner of the late Enlightenment - and an artisan-like inventor of intriguing machines. The present paper is a discussion of the role played by Enlightenment ideals in the introduction and assessment of artifacts ... ...blic scene the rewards that some of his peers refused to grant him within the expert community of natural philosophers. The same loose set of values allowed patrons like Napoleon to exploit to their gain on the European scene the achievemen ts of figures like Volta and instruments like the battery.Finally (fourth transparency again), the loose set of values associated with the notions of achievement and reward allowed the Voltaic battery - this shortsighted understood artifact for which in 1800 nobody could predict the bright future of - to enjoy center-stage in a painting like this. Everyone was thus reassured - as I think we still are - of the worth of an inconspicuous, philosophical artifact like the battery. A worth that should induce us to include the battery in the long and varied list of valuable items rightly belonging to the legacy of the Enlightenment.

Expressionism in The Black Swan Essay -- Film Analysis

The Black Swan is a psychological thriller that documents a prima danseuses descent into madness. Nina Sayers is a dancer at a New York City ballet company. Her mother is a very controlling, ex-ballerina whose career ended when she became expectant with Nina. Having forced his current prima ballerina into retirement, Thomas Leroy, the companys director, is searching for someone worthy enough to play the Swan Queen in his next production. notwithstanding his doubts about her ability to successfully dance the role of the Black Swan, he gives the role to Nina. However, Nina fears Lily is trying to steal the Swan Queen role from her especially when Leroy makes Lily Ninas understudy. As they move further into the production, Ninas strive for perfection with the White and Black Swan roles causes a slow descent of her mental state. By using a variety of expressionistic techniques, Director Darren Aronofsky uncovers Ninas worsening psychosis. (Huggo)Obsessive Compulsive Disorder is an anx iety disorder characterized by uncontrollable, unwanted thoughts and repetitive, ritualized behaviors you feel compelled to perform (Segal and Smith, obsessive-compulsive Disorder (OCD) Symptoms, Behavior, and Treatment). This disorder occurs when the brain becomes obsessed with a specific action or thought. Uncontrollable, recurring thoughts and images, known as obsessions, can take forethought away from more important matters. Compulsions consist of actions and rituals that one is compelled to carry out multiple times. (Segal and Smith, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Symptoms, Behavior, and Treatment) Ninas obsession is perfection. She states repeatedly that she just wants to be perfect (Aronofsky). Her compulsion is practice. No matter ho... ...sychiatrists-diagnose-natalie-portmans-portrayal-psychosis/story?id=12436873&page=1.Schoenstadt, Arthur. Bulimia. Bulimia. 23 Sept. 2008. Web. 22 May 2012. .Segal, Jeanne, and Melinda Smith. Anorexia Nervosa Signs, Symptoms, Causes, Effects, and Treatment. Helpguide.org. May 2012. Web. 15 May 2012. .Segal, Jeanne, and Melinda Smith. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Symptoms, Behavior, and Treatment. Helpguide.org Understand, forbid and Resolve Lifes Challenges. Apr. 2012. Web. 10 May 2012. .Segal, Jeanne and Melinda Smith. Understanding Schizophrenia. Helpguide.org. Jan. 2012. Web. 10 May 2012. .

Organizational Analysis Essay -- Medical Business, Clinical Practice S

IntroductionAn organizational analysis is an important tool to become familiar with how medical businesses and organizations atomic number 18 able to meet standards of care, provide services for the community and provide employment to health care providers. There are many different aspects to evaluate in an organizational analysis. This paper will describe these many aspects and apply the categories to the University Medical Center (UMC) as the organization being analyzed. Mission, Vision and PhilosophyOne of the early steps in developing an organization is to develop the vision, mission and philosophy of the organization. Vision statements are used to define the goals of an organization. The mission statement of an organization is a brief statement that explains the purpose that an organization exists. The organizational philosophy outlines the set of values and beliefs that controls the operations of an organization (Marquis, 2011). UMCs vision is to be nationally accept for ex cellence in patient care, medical education, and biomedical research. Their mission statement is to serve through healing, education, and discovery. The philosophy of UMC is to value integrity, excellence, compassion, innovation, collaboration and dedication. (www.mc.uky.edu)organisational StructureOrganizational structure provides the framework to enable members of the organization to delegate responsibility, maintain accountability and structure authority. UMC utilizes organizational structure and has organizational diagrams readily available for review when necessary. The image of command in the Neurotrauma Intensive Care Unit (NTICU) included the assistive personnel reporting to nursing, nursing reporting to team leader for the shift, sh... ...http//www.mc.uky.eduKrive, J. (January 01, 2013). Building utile Workforce Management Practices Through Shared Governance and Technology Systems Integration. Nursing Economic$, 31, 5, 231-236.Marquis, B. & Huston, C. (2011). Leadership Roles and Management Functions in Nursing Theory and Application. Philadelphia Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.Pichert, J. W., Moore, I. N., Catron, T. F., Ross, J. C., Westlake, M. W., Karrass, J., Jay, J. S., ... Hickson, G. B. (October 01, 2013). An interposition model that promotes accountability Peer messengers and patient/family complaints. Joint Commission Journal on Quality and Patient Safety, 39, 10, 435-446.Taplin, S. H., Foster, M. K., & Shortell, S. M. (January 01, 2013). Organizational leadership for building effective health care teams. Annals of Family Medicine, 11, 3.)

If there is a long drawn-out war with Iraq (or any other :: Economics

If thither is a long drawn-out contend with Iraq (or any other soil), what implications qualification this have for Britains pecuniarydeficit? Also trace out the possible effects, if any, on a) M cardinaltaryPolicy, b) Inflation and c) Unemployment.The economic policy followed by a country engaged in war is,certainly, different of that followed by a country when in peace.Britain now finds itself a few steps away from war with Iraq and thequestions concerning the implications of this ,unnecessary for many,war are not little.Firstly, before we analyze the effects of war with Iraq on monetarypolicy and deficit of the UK we must briefly outline the role offiscal policy and what is a fiscal deficit. Fiscal policy is aso-called demand management policy and is defined as the manipulationof judicature expenditures and/or of taxes in order of magnitude to influenceaggregate demand and thus economic activity and employment. In thecase of Britain, there is a fiscal deficit. A boost in g overnmentexpenditures and/or a decrease in taxes (i.e. an increase ofinjections over withdrawals) operates to an even greater (through themultiplier) rise in national income and thus of employment. shortfallspending could lead to an expansion of economic activity this policyis known as expansionary (or, reflationary) fiscal policy.It can be said, with great certainty, that Britains fiscal deficit allow increase largely during the war. Being an OECD1 member countryand a country with similar economic performance from time to time,Britain can be considered largely an delivery with many gross aspectsto the U.S. economy in many aspects. The U.S. economy had three majorpeaks in deficits and all of them reflect wars the Civil War of the1860s, WWI and WWII. So one can hold off that a long drawn-out war withIraq will mean that the British economy will run on deficit for a longtime. This should not suggest that deficits will occur after the waras well, though. U.S. economy has recovered and reduced the stock ofdebt after these wars. There are also political factors that need tobe considered in the case of Britain. Because of the high publicunrest and anti-war movement that occurred in Britain before the warthe government king feel get to prove to the people that waragainst Iraq was a wise thought. UK government would be able toprovide that short-term feel-good factor by naked as a jaybird taxes and possibly change magnitude spending. If pressure on the government mounts, and it isalready mounting very fast with numerous resignations and publicprotests, it is very likely that it would see more than clearly theIf there is a long drawn-out war with Iraq (or any other EconomicsIf there is a long drawn-out war with Iraq (or any othercountry), what implications might this have for Britains fiscaldeficit? Also trace out the possible effects, if any, on a) MonetaryPolicy, b) Inflation and c) Unemployment.The economic policy followed by a country engaged in war is,ce rtainly, different of that followed by a country when in peace.Britain now finds itself a few steps away from war with Iraq and thequestions concerning the implications of this ,unnecessary for many,war are not little.Firstly, before we analyze the effects of war with Iraq on fiscalpolicy and deficit of the UK we must briefly outline the role offiscal policy and what is a fiscal deficit. Fiscal policy is aso-called demand management policy and is defined as the manipulationof government expenditures and/or of taxes in order to influenceaggregate demand and thus economic activity and employment. In thecase of Britain, there is a fiscal deficit. A rise in governmentexpenditures and/or a decrease in taxes (i.e. an increase ofinjections over withdrawals) leads to an even greater (through themultiplier) rise in national income and thus of employment. Deficitspending could lead to an expansion of economic activity this policyis known as expansionary (or, reflationary) fiscal policy.It can be said, with great certainty, that Britains fiscal deficitwill increase largely during the war. Being an OECD1 member countryand a country with similar economic performance from time to time,Britain can be considered largely an economy with many common aspectsto the U.S. economy in many aspects. The U.S. economy had three majorpeaks in deficits and all of them reflect wars the Civil War of the1860s, WWI and WWII. So one can expect that a long drawn-out war withIraq will mean that the British economy will run on deficit for a longtime. This should not suggest that deficits will occur after the waras well, though. U.S. economy has recovered and reduced the stock ofdebt after these wars. There are also political factors that need tobe considered in the case of Britain. Because of the high publicunrest and anti-war movement that occurred in Britain before the warthe government might feel obliged to prove to the people that waragainst Iraq was a wise thought. UK government would be abl e toprovide that short-term feel-good factor by cutting taxes and possiblyincreased spending. If pressure on the government mounts, and it isalready mounting very fast with numerous resignations and publicprotests, it is very likely that it would see more clearly the

If there is a long drawn-out war with Iraq (or any other :: Economics

If there is a colossal drawn- appear fight with Iraq (or any othercountry), what implications might this have for Britains fiscaldeficit? alike trace out the possible effects, if any, on a) MonetaryPolicy, b) Inflation and c) Unemployment.The sparing form _or_ system of government followed by a country engaged in state of fight is,certainly, antithetic of that followed by a country when in peace.Britain now finds itself a few steps away from war with Iraq and thequestions concerning the implications of this ,unnecessary for many,war are not little.Firstly, before we take apart the effects of war with Iraq on fiscalpolicy and deficit of the UK we must briefly outline the role offiscal policy and what is a fiscal deficit. monetary policy is aso-called demand management policy and is defined as the manipulationof government expenditures and/or of taxes in order to influence merge demand and then economic activity and employment. In the slip of paper of Britain, there is a fis cal deficit. A rise in governmentexpenditures and/or a decrease in taxes (i.e. an increase ofinjections over withdrawals) leads to an even greater (through themultiplier) rise in national income and thus of employment. Deficitspending could lead to an expansion of economic activity this policyis known as expansionary (or, reflationary) fiscal policy.It can be said, with great certainty, that Britains fiscal deficit allow for increase largely during the war. Being an OECD1 appendage countryand a country with similar economic performance from time to time,Britain can be considered largely an parsimoniousness with many common aspectsto the U.S. economy in many aspects. The U.S. economy had three majorpeaks in deficits and all of them reflect wars the Civil War of the1860s, WWI and WWII. So one can expect that a long drawn-out war withIraq will mean that the British economy will run on deficit for a longtime. This should not suggest that deficits will occur later on the waras well, th ough. U.S. economy has recovered and reduced the stock ofdebt after these wars. There are also political factors that need tobe considered in the case of Britain. Because of the high publicunrest and anti-war movement that occurred in Britain before the warthe government might feel obliged to prove to the bulk that waragainst Iraq was a wise thought. UK government would be able toprovide that short-term feel-good factor by cutting taxes and possiblyincreased spending. If pressure on the government mounts, and it isalready mounting very fast with numerous resignations and publicprotests, it is very likely that it would see more clearly theIf there is a long drawn-out war with Iraq (or any other EconomicsIf there is a long drawn-out war with Iraq (or any othercountry), what implications might this have for Britains fiscaldeficit? Also trace out the possible effects, if any, on a) MonetaryPolicy, b) Inflation and c) Unemployment.The economic policy followed by a country engaged in war is,certainly, different of that followed by a country when in peace.Britain now finds itself a few steps away from war with Iraq and thequestions concerning the implications of this ,unnecessary for many,war are not little.Firstly, before we analyze the effects of war with Iraq on fiscalpolicy and deficit of the UK we must briefly outline the role offiscal policy and what is a fiscal deficit. Fiscal policy is aso-called demand management policy and is defined as the manipulationof government expenditures and/or of taxes in order to influenceaggregate demand and thus economic activity and employment. In thecase of Britain, there is a fiscal deficit. A rise in governmentexpenditures and/or a decrease in taxes (i.e. an increase ofinjections over withdrawals) leads to an even greater (through themultiplier) rise in national income and thus of employment. Deficitspending could lead to an expansion of economic activity this policyis known as expansionary (or, reflationary) fiscal poli cy.It can be said, with great certainty, that Britains fiscal deficitwill increase largely during the war. Being an OECD1 member countryand a country with similar economic performance from time to time,Britain can be considered largely an economy with many common aspectsto the U.S. economy in many aspects. The U.S. economy had three majorpeaks in deficits and all of them reflect wars the Civil War of the1860s, WWI and WWII. So one can expect that a long drawn-out war withIraq will mean that the British economy will run on deficit for a longtime. This should not suggest that deficits will occur after the waras well, though. U.S. economy has recovered and reduced the stock ofdebt after these wars. There are also political factors that need tobe considered in the case of Britain. Because of the high publicunrest and anti-war movement that occurred in Britain before the warthe government might feel obliged to prove to the people that waragainst Iraq was a wise thought. UK government wou ld be able toprovide that short-term feel-good factor by cutting taxes and possiblyincreased spending. If pressure on the government mounts, and it isalready mounting very fast with numerous resignations and publicprotests, it is very likely that it would see more clearly the

Cell Biology Meiosis and Mitosis

Cell Biology (CP8121) Experiment 2 Observing Mitosis and Meiosis on cell specimens (Formal report) Name Wong Chung An Class DMLS/FT/1B/02 Admin number P1138687 Summary This experiment aims to observe mitosis and meiosis on cell specimens. It involves the modelling of the stages of meiosis and also the staining procedures to invest mitosis in onion plant spreadeagle purpose. There are ii parts to the procedure of the experiment whereby the first is staining and observing mitosis in onion al-Qaeda tips and the second being observing and comparing mitosis surrounded by whitefish blastula and onion root tip.The results are that the five stages of mitosis have been observed and sketched, together with a comparability of telophase in plant and creature cells. The difference between the devil types of cell division mitosis and meiosis has also been recorded. The conclusion is that all the objectives of the experiment have been met and it is recomm stamp outed that the mitotic mandr il be stained for a more complete picture of the various stages of mitosis. 1) Introduction It is important that the experiment is carried out so as to differentiate between the two types of nuclear division, mitosis and meiosis.Mitosis is a process mainly for the growth and replacement of somatic cells and it involves the replication of chromosomes which results in having two daughter cells each same as the parent effect. On the contrary, meiosis is for the production of gametes which is essential for an organisms reproduction and it comprises of two successive nuclear divisions which results in the production of four haploid cells. Mitosis A process which replicates chromosomes exactly so that each of the daughter cells contains identical information.The process of mitosis involves five stages. The five stages are Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase and Telophase respectively. Meiosis A process whereby two successive nuclear divisions depart produce four haploid cells. The re are two rounds of cell division in meiosis, mainly meiosis I and meiosis II. Meiosis I is identical to that of mitosis whereas meiosis II is a round of reductional division. The process of meiosis has allowed for an escalation of genetic variations because of the crossing over of the genes.This process is all important(p) as it produces half the number of chromosomes as per the human sex cells. For humans, every gamete contains 23 chromosomes and fertilisation of an egg by a sperm will recreate the diploid number of 46 chromosomes 2) Objectives * Learn a staining procedure to identify mitosis using onion root tip. * comparing and contrast mitosis in plants and animals. * Compare and contrast stages of mitosis and meiosis * Model stages of meiosis. 3) Procedures (a) Preparation and observation of onion root tip swerve ) An onion root tip was obtained and the first 1-3mm of its root tip was cut off using a scalpel. The root tip was then placed at the centre of a clean slide usi ng a forceps. 2) Then, the root tip was covered with 2-3 drops of 1N HCL solution and then placed over the hot plate for 3-5 seconds using a slide holder. 3) Without touching the root tip, the overmuch acid was then blotted off using a paper towel. 4) After which, the root tip was then covered once again, this time in 3-4 drops of 0. 5% Toluidine Blue solution. 5) The excess stain was blotted off and a cover slip was added. ) To spread out the stained root tip for visualisation, the slide was placed in the middle of a folded paper towel and applied pressure upon by placing the thumb directly above the cover slip and having it gently pressed on against a lab bench. 7) The slide was examined on low power on the microscope and embryonic cells which are square-like were looked for. 8) Once the mitotic figures were found, the microscope was switched to a higher power. 9) The phases that were seen were sketched on the datasheet. (b) Observation of ready slides Mitosis in Onion root tip & Whitefish blastula ) The prepared slides provided were reviewed by using a low power (10x) to locate the cells and high power (40x) to vary the focus. 2) This time, instead of sketching the different phases of mitosis in onion root tip, the differences in mitosis between the plant and animal cells were recorded. 4) Results and Discussion *For the results, refer to the datasheet archived under appendix at the end of the report. 5. 1 Explanation and reasons for results The results of the datasheet have shown that all the five main phases of mitosis can be observed.This can because of several reasons such as the choice of use of onion root tips, flattening of the onion root tips, addition of hydrochloric acid and 0. 5% Toluidine Blue solution. Onion root tips are easy to grow in large add up and the cells at its tips are actively dividing, thus many of its cells will be in different stages of mitosis. The reason for using the last 1-3mm of the root tip is because it is where the c onstituent of cell division (meristem) is located. This is the region whereby cells are dividing but not significantly increasing in size.The flattening of the onion root tips allows the chromosomes of each individual cell to be observed. The hydrochloric acid added, plays a part in fragmenting the root tissues by weakening and removing the bonds between cells so that each cell will not be connect to the other cell, obstructing the observation. Toluidine Blue solution acts as a colorant, giving a blue colour to the chromosomes and so that it is more easily spotted and examined. 5. 2 rating of the results achieved Interphase The interphase is the phase in which the cell is involved in metabolic activity and fulfilling its role as part of a tissue in the body.During this phase, the DNA duplicates as it is preparing for mitosis and the chromosomes are cannot be easily distinguished. However, the nucleolus, a dark spot may be visible instead. Prophase During the prophase, the chromat in within the nucleus will begin to pore and become visible in the microscope as chromosomes. Then the nuclear membrane will dissolve, signalling the start of Prometaphase. After which, proteins would then attach to the centromeres, creating kinetochores in which the microtubules will attached to. The chromosomes would then start moving.Metaphase The chromosomes would then be aligned by the spindle fibres at the equator of the spindle. This alignment helps to ensure that in the anaphase, when the chromosomes are separated, each of the new nucleuses will receive a copy of each of the chromosomes. Anaphase In the anaphase, the two sister chromatids of each chromosome at the centromeres would start to separate. This question is due to the shortening of the kinetochore microtubules. Telophase The two sets of daughter chromosomes would arrive at the two poles and the mitotic spindle would disappear.A nuclear envelope would start to form around each set of daughter chromosomes at both e nds of the poles. Cytokinesis may have also begun during this phase depending on each individual cell. 5. 3 Descriptions of problems encountered The problem that we have encountered during this experiment was during the preparation of the first slide of onion root tip. The amount of toluidine blue solution may not be enough as only a few of the cell nucleus have been stained. This makes it difficult for us trace the various stages of mitosis.This problem is resolved however by making a new set of the onion root tip slide. 5) Conclusions and Recommendations In conclusion, the experiment was a success and all of the objectives of the experiments were met. All five stages of mitosis have been observed and a comparison of mitosis between plant and animal cells has been made. Although we did not get to observe the stages of meiosis, we have modelled the stages of meiosis and acquired knowledge of it. In my opinion, I would recommend that the mitotic spindles of the onion root tip cells b e stained as well.This would allow a more in depth observation of mitosis and instead of solely looking at the movement of the chromosomes and the nucleus, we could observe the reason behind the movement of the chromosomes. 6) Appendix http//www. marietta. edu/biol/introlab/Onion%20root%20mitosis. pdf Clark, D. C. and P. M. Mathis. (2000). Modeling mitosis and meiosis a problem-solving activity. The American Biology Teacher Mickle, J. E. 1990. A model for teaching mitosis and meiosis. The American Biology Teacher Carmen Chan Yuen homo (2011). Cell Biology lecture notes (CP8121). Singapore Polytechnic.

Hamlet Exam Study Guide Essay

What should hamlet do? Explain the moral theories of each philosopher Plato, Aristotle and Augustine. For each, determine the beneficial thing for crossroads to do. Then, assess the princes live up tos from the perspective of each recommendation.PlatoPlatos moral theory consisted of the concept of the soul and the concept of virtue as function. To Plato, the soul has lead parts reason, spirit, and appetite. The reason we do things is to reach a close or value, our spirit drives us to accomplish our goal, and our desire for things is our appetite. The three virtues that must be fulfilled to reach the fourth, general virtue are temperance, courage, and wisdom, which correlate with the three parts of the soul. In order to action interior harmony, every part of the soul must be fulfilling its proper function. In Platos theory, hamlet ineluctably to look at the big picture of achieving inner harmony. In order to reach the goal of achieving inner harmony, Hamlet has to figure out a nonher substance of easing his anger other than the vengeance of his uncle. The virtues of temperance, courage, and wisdom need to be incorporated into Hamlets actions, and he would be able to reach his inner harmony.By keeping his reason in control of his forget and appetites, he can use the dialectic to fulfill the write outledge on how to deal with the situation. Hamlets big picture of inner harmony was the death of his uncle. He wasnt concerned about the consequences he would ware to face in result, such(prenominal) as not achieving his goal. He was much concerned about feeding his appetite of revenge, and not re-evaluating his staring(a) life. Although he held out on implementationing his uncle a bracing of times, he was still in rage and trying to please his acquires ghost, whatever the consequences were. He loved his mother, and wanted to save her, but he was more concerned with killing his uncle. Hamlet was not able to achieve inner harmony, since he did not have a proper functioning soul.AristotleAristotles moral theory involves the idea of living your life to the fullest happiness that can be reached. In order to achieve this final, we need to live a virtuous life according to the Golden mean, which is finding the middle grounds of the virtues we live by. Aristotle explains that we should continuously act in accordance with virtues, which are acquired from our upbringing and experiences. Because Aristotle believed in teleology, he said that by aiming our actions toward an end (happiness), our souls need to work in the way of excellence. Like Plato, Aristotle also gears toward reaching a goal. In order for Hamlet to achieve the goal of happiness, he needs to follow the golden mean to live the ideal life. Hamlet and Aristotle had the same question what does it mean to be? Hamlets famous statement to be or not to be meant he did not know exactly how to put his feelings into action. Is it better to live with the knowing of the murder of his fat her, or is it better to die in the act of revenge.Aristotle would have Hamlet evaluate how he can fulfill the function of being a in effect(p) person. To do this, Hamlet needs to act on the rational part of his soul and make the right choice in dealing with his knowledge of his fathers murder. Hamlet needs to live by the virtues of courage, temperance, justice, and wisdom. If Hamlet makes rational decisions based on these virtues, he will understand that he needs to be able to communicate to Claudius and let him know that he will not get away with what he has d ace. As the Prince, he needs to take action as a ruler and set a good example for the people of Denmark and other kingdoms.Then again, Aristotle gave a pass of negative behavior to the impulsive acts that are done as a result of external compulsion. So, as he may say that everyone has the potential to be good, they may still shifting up due to impulses such as revenge against the uncle who killed Hamlets father and re-wed his mother. In the act of aiming toward an end, Hamlet may necessitate whether or not to follow the instrumental road or the intrinsic road. Since Hamlet had a couple of chances to kill the King, he kept holding out until he theme he would have a perfect opportunity. In the beginning, he was following a virtuous life, and toward the end, when he claimed to have bloody thoughts, he was gearing more toward the impulsive irrational part of his soul. He eventually followed this road, but his soul was dying anyways.AugustineIn order to have faith, we need to understand the reason for spirituality. To know universal truth, we have to go beyond human reason to discover God. Since the soul cannot find peace among bodily pleasures or sensations, we need to understand what will bring happiness to our lives and how we can succeed as humans. Since God created us, we will find happiness only in him. We have free will to choose the City of God or the City of the World. In choosing the City of God, we are putting our faith in God to guide us to make the right choices in finding happiness, not materialistic things or other people. By devoting our ultimate love to God and having faith that God can provide us with happiness, we can fulfill our destiny.For Augustine, Hamlet needs to start praying. He needs to open his heart and have faith in God to take wish of the situation. Since we are Gods people, only God can bring justice. The king may have done something horrible, but he has to answer to God in the end. Hamlet needs to stay on the right track and pray that God can save him from his horrible thoughts of having revenge on the king. God is the only one who can bring happiness to our lives and help us to succeed as humans. Hamlet needs to choose the City of God, and make the right choices to not botheration about punishing other people. This is the only way that he will achieve the goal of happiness.Unfortunately, Hamlet did not look to God for the answer. He may have sa id some prayers, and asked for guidance, but he certainly did not follow what he knew he was supposed to do. Instead, he listened to the ghost of his father and aimed towards revenge. Hamlet may have thought he achieved what he was out to do, but in the end, his mother was poisoned to death, his lover, Ophelia, died along with her brother, Laertes, as well as his other deuce friends he had killed in England, the king died, and so did Hamlet himself. If he would have put his trust in God to deal with the murder of his father, he could have saved himself along with everyone else he cared so deeply for. God always has a plan.

What Are the Ethical Teachings of Al-Ghazali and How Important and Relevant Are They to Contemporary Muslims? Critically Discuss

What are the ethical teachings of al-Ghazali and how important and relevant are they to coetaneous Muslims? Critically discuss. Imam al-Ghazali (d. 1111) remains perhaps the most important religious authority in Islam later the first three generations of Muslims. The title, Proof of Islam, conferred upon him by the majority of Muslims, is a reflection of the complexity of his work, which allow ind jurisprudence, theology, philosophy, psychology, and mysticism.This essay will demonstrate how al-Ghazali synthesised concepts of tawheed (unity of God), islam (ritual worship, virtue, ilham (Godly inspiration) and tasawwuf (Sufism) in a broad ethical theory. His ethics, as illustrated in the Ihya Ulum id-Deen, can be applied by common Muslims, Muslim learners. More broadly, its implicationsspiritual, well-disposed, behavioural, and intellectualcan play a significant role in the ummas Islamic revival.Al-Ghazalis ethical vision was based on worlds attaining happiness, which is ultimat ely found in salvation in the next life (Hourani 1976, p. 77). The means by which he thought this was achieved best was through spiritual devotion rather than rationality. Al-Ghazali prioritises spirituality over intellectualism in kno(prenominal)ing what is right and wrong based on his trust of the soul as the humans most important component (Moosa 2005). The soul possesses reason, thus holds the effectiveness of knowing God and the capacity to know the realities of this world.As the rectangular soul is merged with the material body, the temporal blase form of a human is letd. The body is the vehicle through which the soul can achieve its potential of knowing God bodily senses become tools through which the soul achieves ethical behaviour. The body has faculties such as anger, appetites for food and drink, lust and greed. It is possible for the bodily faculties to smite the souls faculty of reason, a condition described in the Quran as the self that incites to evil (Quran 125 3).Conversely, reason can be used to control bodily faculties, and by doing this achieve the serene soul (Quran 8927). A third self is the middle one in the midst of the two, the admonitory self (Quran 752), which is in constant struggle with temptations of the evil self. The integrated divine and animal souls form the nafs, which is the humans true self or identity. The coexistence of soul and body is volatile the soul wishes to know God, while the body desires temporal sensory pleasure.The bifurcation of the human into these two opposing components indicates the necessity for a method of achieving equilibrium, for the solution to the struggle between the divine and animal forces is not a simple separation of soul and body, as this renders void the Creators lore in creating the worldly human. A more complex method assumes the human comprises another(prenominal) entities integral to the nafs. Here al-Ghazalis ethical theory assumes a spot of the human imparted by Sufis before him in addition to the soul and body, there is the ruh (spirit), qalb (spiritual bone marrow), and aql (intellect) (Moosa 2005, p. 24). The qalb is an abstract entity directly linked with the physical heart that contributes to the human experience, the faculties of perception, knowing, and spiritual experience (Moosa 2005, p. 225). The level of integration of the faculties of the qalb determines the success of the souls goal in knowing God. Thus, the qalbs condition is vital to the outcome of the souls voyage through this temporal life. Hourani (1976) describes Ghazalis ethical concern as right conduct and the purification of the soul by the individual . . (p. 1). To this end, the method of equilibrium that al-Ghazali promoted, the likes of Sufis after him, is tazkiyat al-qalb, or purification of the spiritual heart. Ameur (2009) notes three aspects of the process of purification good action virtues and acquaintance (p. 3). Good action refers to the following of ritual and socia l behaviour as prescribed by the shariah. Ghazalis categorises actions in a five-fold system fardh (commanded), sunnah (recommended), mubah (permitted), makruh (disapproved), or haram (forbidden).The significance of external acts lies in both their being rewarded as obedience, and their contribution to cultivation of virtues (Hourani 1976, p. 77). Good action cultivating virtues indicates a key agenda in Ghazalis ethics the restoration of balance between the external and the inward commonwealths of people (Murad 2002). He realised that this balance could be best pursued in the purification of the inward, which requires first the elimination of vices. Vices are spiritual ailments of the qalb and include harmful traits such anger, envy, lust, and riya (ostentation). They form impediments to spiritual progress.The method of removing these impediments is mujahada (Ameur 2009, p. 4) or what is commonly described by Sufis as jihad al-nafs (struggle against the self). Mujahada is a conc ept covering a broad array of exerts used in tasawwuf to purify the nafs including tafakkur (introspection) muraqaba (self-awareness) dhikr (meditation) and zuhd (asceticism). The previous two aspects of purification are not possible without knowledge. For al-Ghazali, knowledge is of two types (a) one that is learnt in tenets of faith and rules of Islamic law (b) one that is known through the qalb (Ameur 2009, p. ). The first type is all knowledge required to perform good action. This includes the basic tenets of faith, and worldly and religious activities including social dealings and private worship. The sources of these knowledges are in accordance with Ghazalis tradition-based approach to theology and jurisprudence the Quran, Sunnah, ijma (consensus of ulama), and qiyas (analogical deduction from the Sunnah). The second type of knowledge is abstract in nature as its locus is the qalb. This knowledge can be described as insight.One Prophetic tradition warns beware the firasa o f the believer, for he sees with the unused of God (Tirmidhi, cited in Gulen). This knowledge is a set of experiences, or insights, impressed upon the heart through good action and Godly relish. Such knowledge, Ameur (2009) states, is a disposition deeply rooted in the soul, from which actions flow naturally and easily without enquire of reflection or judgement (p. 4). This state is described in a hadith Qudsi reported in Sahih BukhariMy slave approaches Me with nothing more beloved to Me than what I have made obligatory upon him, and My slave keeps drawing nearer to Me with voluntary working until I love him. And when I love him, I am his hearing with which he hears, his sight with which he sees, his hand with which he seizes, and his foot with which he walks. If he asks me, I will surely give to him, and if he seeks refuge in Me, I will surely protect him (cited in Keller 1995). In this way a reciprocal relationship emerges between action, virtue and knowledge each reinforcing the other.The successful integration of them leads to the souls objective of knowledge of God. Here the veil of the humans limited sight is lifted the result is the realisation of truths (Gardener, p. 136). The culmination of Ghazalis ethical purification is wilaya (intimacy). For the wali (an intimate) of God, the inner and outer are harmonised in realising tawheed. Here, tawhid (the unity of God) is not merely knowledge of theological principles, but rather it is an inbuilt attribute, the product of repetitive good acts and strengthening of virtues (Ameur 2009, p. ). For al-Ghazali, like other Sufis, knowledge of tawheed signifies the ultimate ethical goal of attaining happiness, which is experiencing as the nafs al-mutmainna (the serene soul). The scope of al-Ghazalis ethical theory, incorporating shariah knowledge, theology, philosophy, and Sufism, ensure its relevance to modern-day Muslims is multifaceted. It holds special relevance to laymen, scholar and umma in general, as illsutrated in the title of the work that is a summary of Ghazalis ethics the Ihya Ulum id-Deen (Revival of the Religous Sciences)For the lay Muslim, al-Ghazalis tripartite system of purification provides a pragmatical guide to living Islam as a whole hence, the Ihya covers all activities falling under iman, islam, and ihsan (Ormsby 2008, pp. 111-119). It explains the relationship between ritual devotion, social dealings, belief, vices, and virtues. Nofal (1993) uses a particular(prenominal) example from the Ihya that shows the relevance of the latters ethics to contemporary Muslims in the area of childrens preparation. Al-Ghazali says about children thatThey must be trained to obey their parents, teachers and elders, and to transport well towards their classmates should be taught modesty, generosity and civility their tutors must devote attention to religious education (cited in Nofal 1993, p. 5). A noticeable lesson here for Muslim parents and educators is that education is no t limited to training the mind and filling it with information, but involves all aspectsintellectual, religious, moral and physicalof the personality of the learner (Nafal 1993, p. 5).More broadly, the raising of children described by al-Ghazali facilitates adab, or Islamic culture, which in light of the modern culture of individualism and selfishness, is vital for cultivating Islamic personality. The scholarly class also may benefit from al-Ghazalis Ihya. Ebrahim Moosa (2005) describes him as an exemplar for critical traditionalism (p. 264). His scholarly legacy vis-a-vis ethics, Moosa (2005) comments, is that revival of tradition entails fostering understanding of the ethical imperatives and practices in tradition (p. 278).This idea promotes judicial ethics over legal scientism, indicating the primacy of the implicit moral code of Quran and Sunnah over its text. In outlining this ethical system, al-Ghazali resuscitated the discursive sciences. The importance of his achievement i s soundless by reflection on his environment. To resuscitate the religious sciences, al-Ghazali effectively bridged the Arabicate and Persianate modes of thought prevalent at that time. Muslim scholars and students today, even moreso than al-Ghazali, face a quandary of multiple matrices of cultures and politics.Within Islamic thought, Saeed notes eight main trends (ref), which can be characterised as varieties of traditionalism, modernism, and fundamentalism. Al-Ghazalis approach to ethics could indeed be the bridge allowing crossing of ideas between the three main strands. Julia Day Howell (2001), commenting on Sufisms role in the Indonesian Islamic revival, says that as part of the broader revival, it has been subject to reinterpretations that have helped break slash distinctions between Traditionalists and Modernists (p. 710).Finally, the umma at large is also in need of the tasawwuf aspect of al-Ghazalis ethics. The vagueness of the term within modern society notwithstanding, historical Muslim communities understood its importance, as noted by ibn Kaldun, who says about tasawwuf This knowledge is a branch of the sciences of Sacred Law that originated within the Umma. From the first, the way of such people had also been considered the means of truth and guidance by the early Muslim community and its notables (cited in Keller 1993). Keller (1995) notes that for the early communities, tasawwuf signified ikhlas (sincerity).Ikhlas is a state of the qalb, and like other states of the qalb such as love, mercy, fear is obligatory for Muslims hoping for felicity in the afterlife. The Quran says a day when wealth will not avail, nor sons, but only him who brings Allah a sound heart (2688). Thus tasawwuf, Keller notes, is necessary for fully realising the Shariah in ones life, to attain the states of the heart demanded by the Quran and Sunnah. Al-Ghazalis ethics, as practical tasawwuf, becomes a means of addressing the spiritual aspect of religious life.The broade r implications of Ghazalis tasawwuf lie in negotiating the modern world. Murad (2002) notes that the failure of the Enlightenment paradigm, as invoked by the secular elites in the Muslim world, to deliver moral and efficient government and cultural guidance, indicates that the solution must be religious. To this end he suggests traditional Islam it is the middle course between two extreme responses fire by secularisation liberalism and fundamentalism. Moosa (2005) notes that one of the challenges to contemporary Muslim society is epistemicide, the destruction of a social-groups knowledge (p. 65). The need to stem this epistemicide surely cannot be done by zealots or modernist liberals as the former cannot relate its scripture to changing circumstances and the latter decide to convince its basic meanings. Here Ghazalis critical traditionalism may be utilised. Its moderate tradition-based ethics provides an antithesis to the contemporary positivist and scientist ethics of dos and d onts (Murad 2002). A recapitulation of the relevance of al-Ghazalis tasawwuf-laden ethics is that it may alienate many contemporary Muslims.The more advanced stages of his ethics involving knowledge of God are ungraspable for the non-initiated purifier. However, the beginning of his ethics, practice of daily rituals and pursing good character, remains accessible to all people. Therefore, in view of contemporary societys focus on materialism, and the lax attitude elicited by modernity towards religious life, al-Ghazalis tasawwuf-laden ethics, at various levels, provides a robust cognitive-behavioural ethical methodology that can facilitate religious living in contemporary society. In summary, al-Ghazalis ethics provides a successful method of attaining the serene soul.He framework of purification of the self involving action, virtue, and knowledge culminates in the state of wilaya wherein one witnesses realities of tawheed. The implications of his holistic ethics are daily applicati on in worldly and religious living, resuscitation and mediation of Islamic scholarship, and a tasawwuf-based spiritual revival of the umma. References Ameur, R 2009, 101466 Ethical Traditions in Islam, The Ritual of the Law lecture transcript, University of Western Sydney, Milperra. Gardener, RWR 1917, al-Ghazali as Sufi, The Muslim World, vol. 7, no. 2, 131-143.Hourani, G 1976, Ghazali on the ethics of action, ledger of the American Oriental Society, vol. 96, no. 1, pp. 69-88, University of Western Sydney Resources Online ( 101466). Gulen, F n. d. , Basira and insight. http//www. fethullahgulenchair. com/index. php? option=com_content&view=article&id=626basira-and-firasa-insight-and-discernment-&catid=69key-concepts-in-the-practice-of-sufism-&Itemid=210. Howell, JD 2001, Sufism and the Indonesian Islamic Revival, The Journal of Asian Studies, vol. 60, no. 3, pp. 701729. Keller, NHM 1995, The place of tasawwuf in traditional Islam, viewed 8 June 2011, .Keller, NHM 1995, How would y ou respond to the Claim that Sufism is bida? , viewed 8 June 2011, . Moosa, E 2005, Ghazali The poetics of imagination, The University of North Caroline Press, Chapel Hill. Murad, AH 2002, The Faith in the future Islam after the Enlightenment, viewed 9 June 2011, . Nofal, N 1993, Ghazali, Prospects The quarterly review of comparative education vol. 23, no. 3/4, pp. 519-542. Ormsby, E 2008, The revival of Islam, in Ghazali The revival of Islam, Oneworld, Oxford. Saeed, A 2007, Trends in contemporary Islam, The Muslim World, vol. 97, pp. 397-404.

Sony 4ps

SONY PRODUCT SONY has produced a lot of various varieties of portable strait whose main target are the youth of the new generation. The sub-categories of these portable audio produced by SONY are Walkman mp3 series CD Walkman series CD/Radio/Cassette player Radio Voice recorder Audio Accessories PROMOTION The major elements of promotional material mix include publicize, personal selling, sales promotion, direct marketing, and publicity.Advertising is any paid form of non-personal mass communication with various media to present and promote product, go and ideas etc. by an identified sponsor. So far, SONY has advertised its products through many different focusings and media. Through TV we have seen different advertisements of its products, SNOY also advertise its products by targeting those prosperous programs, like sports, series and also it has its own lend called SONY TV channel. SONY enforces some events like MISS INDIA 2008 to promote its products.SONY also uses direct-response advertising. This is type of advertising that encourages the consumer to respond either by providing feedback to the advertiser or placing the order with the advertiser either by telephone, mail or internet. Such advertising is done through direct mail or catalogues. SONY incorporates co-operative advertising in its advertising process. SONY Corporation provides the dealers with the materials and guidelines to develop ads for print, television or radio commercials.This ensures that messages are in line with, what the frame wants to communicate. The company and the dealers usually share the media costs and hence, the name co-operative advertising. Sales promotion is a marketing discipline that utilizes a variety of incentives techniques to structure sales-related programs targeted to customers, craftsmanship and/or sales levels that generate a specific, measurable action or response for a product or service. Sales promotion for example includes free people samples, discount, rebates, coupons, ontents and sweepstakes, premiums, scratch cards, exchange offers, early bird prizes, etc. Public relations is a broad set of communication activities employed to create and maintain favorable relationship with employees, shareholders, suppliers, media, educators, potential investors, financial institutions, government agencies and officials and society in general. Through its website, Sony Corporation has its provided contacts for those customers who will be in need of any information from the company.In this way SONY can create a mutual relationship with its customers and ensure that it serves the wishes and demands of its customers. PRICE Pricing decisions are almost always made in consultation with marketing management. Price is the only marketing mix variable that can be altered quickly. Price variables such as dealer price, retail price, discounts, allowances, credit footing etc, influence the development of marketing strategy, as price is a major factor that influences the assessment of value obtained by customers.Customers directly relate price to quality, peculiarly in case of products that are ego intensive of technology bases. Sony being a company which emphasizes product quality, it tends to sell its products with price range from moderately-high to high-prices, depending on the use and the targeted customers. PLACE Decisions with respect to distribution channel focus on making the product available in adequate quantities at places where customers are normally anticipate to shop for them to satisfy their needs.Depending on the nature of the product, marketing management decides to put into place an exclusive, selective or intensive network of distribution, while selecting the appropriate dealers or wholesalers. Sony being the company with positions itself as a seller of durable and high-end products, it is practicing selective distribution of its products from the selective dealer i. e. SONY World. Sony distributes i ts products in various channels. It uses Zero-level channel, one level channel and two-level channel. pic

Preference Share and Convertible Note Essay

The issue to be considered here is if the good form of a preference share or a interchangeable note is paramount or more important than all other things? I do believe this statement is not appropriate and the amount of a preference share or a standardized note is more important than the legal form.BodyFrom the perspective of users, the disclosure in financial statements is the nearly vital approach to provide information about the financial position, performance and changes in financial position of the reporting entity. As the equity and the liability endlessly lead to different effects to the reporting entity, so the disclosure of the equity and the liability could lead to users different decisions. Therefore, when classifying the equity and the liability, the reporting entity should adhere to the principle of substance over form in AASB Framework para. 35. Based on the above statement, some analysis of this case are as follow1. As shown in AASB 132 para. AG25, preference shar es, which are redeemable on a specific date or at the option of the holder, should be classified as liabilities rather than equity, and the land is that the issuer has an obligation to transfer assets to the holder of the preference shares however, preference shares, which are redeemable at the option of the issuer, should be classified as equity rather than liabilities, since thither has no obligations for the issuer to transfer assets to the shareholder. AASB 132 para. AG25 and AG26 also outline that, the classification for non- redeemable preference shares is based on the substance of the arrangement or the rights attach to the shares, rather than the legal form.2. As shown in Framework, the convertible notes would be classified as equity if conversion to equity is the probable outcome, while the convertible notes would be classified as liabilities if redemption at maturity is the probable outcome. Or as shown in AASB 132 para. 29, convertible notes should be classified separate ly based on two destinys liabilities, since convertible notes are contractual arrangements to deliver cash or another financial asset and equity, since convertible notes are call options granting the holder the right, for a specified intent of time, to convert it into a fixed number of ordinary shares of the entity. In addition, AASB 132 para. AG32 illustratethat n conversion of a convertible instrument at maturity, the entity derecognizes the liability component and recognizes it as equity, and the original equity component remains as equity.ConclusionBase on the above analysis, I do believe that this statement in this is not appropriate. Since when classified a preference share or a convertible note, according to AASB Framework and AASB standards, the substance over form.

Harlem Literary Warriors

The legacies of slavery, freedom and racism continuously linger in the pages of history. African American literature blatantly caters varied stories of experiences of those who had been witnesses of the struggles in the metempsychosis time (Fabre and Feith).It was a time when the frustrations, desires, sentiments and everything that had been felt by those who felt that they were being oppressed were established in the form of literary pieces established in publications for the designing of being heard (McKay and Gates).The lame fact of that certain point of time is that it had been a time of agony and doom for some of those who had their heart on writing. The subjugation and deprivation reached up to the point of non being able to be recognized in the field which they wanted to be a part of (Jones).Blacks were not considered as a part of the society, enjoying the privileges which had been sought by those who believed that they were above their race (Jones). It felt like they were hooked on a string like puppets.Zora Neale Hurston UnleashedKnown as a woman of deep interest on anything under the sun with a seminal figure of the vintage Harlem Renaissance celebrated writer, anthropologist and part-time vocalizer actress, shared her skills in the literary world by writing short stories, essays, novels, plays tackling different subjects aimed in enticing the eyes of the empathic masses (Kaplan).However, her classical working have not been published and produced given such rationality that a lot of people in her time were considerably beyond her reach, a reason why here works were not often given credit (Nelson).But fate was not as bad as to how it could have seemed, in the person of Wallace Thurman, she was given the chance to share her masterpieces in literature and aside from that, a deeper sense of connectivity lingered but unfortunately soured which was even published forcefully proscribe against her in an autobiography (Kaplan).Succession of her worksOb scurity swallowed her being leading to a sad death. If indicateions ought to pop off in mind for such confusion on how her works came out in the scene, Alice Walkers succession among Hurstons works is most likely the most suitable answer (Hurston Kaplan).Hurstons Political RhetoricHurstons imperialistic and political stand in her works portrayed an array of incongruous arguments against cultural politics. She al ways believed that the cultural populism is a way of energizing a hoi polloi of democracy (Hurston Nelson).Community based role innovative representations tiled her echelon of praises for the flexibility of her beliefs in political deeds and perceptions. Her folklore commitment served as driving force in linking to an dominating and ethnically catalyst in political idealism (Hurston Nelson Kaplan).Genius of the SouthHer style in writing, though often criticized for the fact that it had not been adhering to what was common and desired by the government, portrays a perfec t representation of the freedom of the press, one of the rights of a state which was in her time, not given credit to her collaboration of passionate and zealous words and her ways in revealing language as well as concealing the cores of the soul, ensemble an indulging arena of classical writing (Hurston McKay and Gates).The oral folklore which consistently amalgamated her rationality and narrating her life story at the same time, an example by which various authors are mimicking nowadays to catch a readers charge had been a breakthrough in destabilizing the mishaps of contemporary literature. Skipping the conventionality to higher form of intellectual skill in scribbling aiming tom entice the flaming emotion of quest for freedom (Fabre and Feith).

Of Mice and Men Essay

The Great Depression took place in the United States in the 1930s. Union California, Salinas Valley was affected by the Great Depression. Many farmers lost their properties and were forced to find other officiate up. Banks were forced to foreclose on mortgages and had to collect debts. Hundreds of thousands of farmers packed up their families and few belongings, and headed for California. The Great Depression left many tribe in poverty and caused them to face unpleasant events. This is how life was ilk for the characters in Steinbecks fresh Of Mice and Men.Mostly all the characters in this novel suffered from loneliness. Some of the men desired to come to crapher in a way that would allow them to be like brothers to one another. Given the harsh, nongregarious conditions under which the men live, it is no surprise that they idealize friendship between other men in such(prenominal) a way. In the novel Of Mice and Men, conjuration Steinbeck uses characterization of dialogue and actions to show that everyone is lonely in some way even if they be surrounded by others. John Steinbeck uses characterization to show that loneliness causes people to reveal their feelings through dialogue.When Curleys wife walks into the farm, she sees Lennie and begins to have words to him. He tries to avoid her and she says I never get to talk to nobody. I get awful lonely (86). Curleys wife has no one to talk to, and even Lennie tries to avoid her. Her words reveal that she is very lonely and even though there are so many people around her, nobody wants to talk to her. These words are significant because it shows how lonely she actually is and how everyone tries to keep away from her because they know she causes drama and that she is married to Curley.George and Lennie also experience loneliness that they show through dialogue. As George and Lennie walk to the ranch together, George says, Guys like us, that work on ranches, are the loneliness guys in the world. They got no f amily and they dont belong to no place (121). In addition, George and Lennie have no real home. They work the season, and then move on. They have no family, no relatives, and no ties except to each other. Georges words reveal that the life style of migrant workers such as themselves gives the way to a lonely life.This dialogue is significant because it shows how George and Lennie are lonely and that even though they travel and meet new people they withal possess some kind of loneliness. Even though George was surrounded by many of the men, he sat quietly by himself at on the duck all alone. George cut the cards and began turning them over, looking at each one and throwing it down in a pile (27). George is occupying his time by school term alone at the table and organizing cards. Georges actions show that he is lonely and has nothing better to do then organize a deck of cards.His actions are significant because it reveals how George is lonely and how he spends his time by himself organizing cards. Also, when Crooks experiences loneliness he occupies himself with books. Even though Crooks is surrounded by so many men, he oftentimes feels lonely, but he tries to convince himself that he is not lonely. Spose you had to sit out here an read books. Sure you could play horseshoes cashbox it got dark, but then you got to read books. Books anit no good. A guy needs somebody to be near him he goes nuts if he personalt got nobody (72).Crooks is very lonely and he wishes that he could have someone to talk to, but he tries to be busy by playing horseshoes and reading books. His actions show that he is extremely lonely, and that he occupies himself with little things to keep himself from suffering. Crooks actions are significant because loneliness cause people to spend their time by themselves. In the novel Of Mice and Men, John Steinbeck uses characterization of dialogue and actions to reveal that one can be surrounded by a group and still be lonely. The use of dialogue proves that the characters are lonely even though they are working closely together.Also, through the characterization of actions the reservoir reveals that most of the men are lonely and that the men occupy themselves even though they are with a group of people. John Steinbecks theme applies to the broad(a) would because it proves that loneliness affects everyone at one time or another. It changes the way a person thinks and behaves. When people feel lonely their actions and way of life are affected. nonexistence can run away from loneliness even if they live with a group of people. Its a trait that no one can get rid of.

Branches of Philosophy Essay

There argon five types of branches in school of thought. These branches loafer be categories as Metaphysics, Epistemology, Ethics, Politics, and Estetics. The first branch of philosophy is Metaphysics, as rise known as the study of existence. Metaphysics transaction as a foundation in philosophy as well as the foundation of the spate of our ball. Metaphysics is very pregnant to all of us as it help us to deal with world by explaining and interpreting the world and nature most us.As you can see, without Metaphysics in our life, we go out be futile to preserve our life as well as being ambiguous toward the information and knowledge close to us, if this happen, we bequeath have difficulty to live and comprehend the world. Therefore, Metaphysics is very important in our life. There be in addition some refer ele ments of a rational metaphysics, one of the most important element would be reality. From a metaphysical side of view, reality must(prenominal) be understood pe rfectly and correctly because reality can be said as absolute and consistent.It has a specific nature independent of our thoughts or feelings. Besides reality, causation too play an important role in metaphysics. This is because everything happens for a apprehension and overly an effect. Every entity has a specific nature and act according to that specific nature. Therefore, we can define that causality is means by which changes occurs, but the changes occurs depending on a specific nature. The following branch of philosophy is Epistemology, which is also known as the study of knowledge.This branch of philosophy is used to address the question How do I know about it as Epistemology is the study of our rule or ways to acquired knowledge. It also relates our minds to reality by concerning how atomic number 18 they related to each an former(a)wise(prenominal) before determine whether these relationships are legitimate or invalid. Epistemology also encompasses the nature and co nstruction of concepts. All mental things such as idea and emotion are also compasses by Epistemology.We need to have Epistemology in order to identify the true and false in our passing(a) life and also the method or ways of evaluating certain things to acquired knowledge and experience toward the world around us. Epistemology is important because we will non be able to identify right from wrong as we are unable to think properly without Epistemology. On the other hand, we will be able to achieve our mark as well as acquired more understanding toward reality if we got enough form of Epistemology. Flaws in epistemology will make it harder to accomplish anything.One of the key elements of a proper Epistemology is our own senses. Our five senses are valid and also are the tho way we can gain information about the world around us. Besides that, logic help us to maintain consistency within our knowledge. Validity is determined by objectivity while concepts are pilferion of a certai n details of reality. These are all the key elements for a rational Epistemology. Ethics, also known as the study of how a person acts in his insouciant life, is dependent on Epistemology because it is impossible to make choices without knowledge.From a fundamental point of view, ethics is a method or way to categorized and pursue our own values. Human needs Ethics to live. This is because without ethics, the whole world will become chaotic as all our action will be aimless and random as all of us are unable to decide a course of action. Ethics will not be able to completely help us to pursue our goal if rationality is ignored. We must all have a rational ethical standard at a certain degree which we are able to identify our goal clearly in order to accomplish our most important values.Every branches of philosophy have their own key element to achieve certain level of value. For ethics, it requires a standard of value to which all goals and actions can be compared to. The ultimate standard of value is none other but the value of our own lives. If a person is able to recognize his importance not only to his physical survival, but to his well-being and happiness, that certain person can be said to have a very good and proper ethics in his life. One of the sub hatful of ethics will be the next branches of philosophy known as Politics.Politics can be defined as the study of how men should interact in a proper decree and what constitute proper in life, in other words, it is the study of Force which answer the question What action are permissible. Politics can be applied to every single person or a group of people. A society is set up by Politics as politics tell how a person should act or behave within a certain society. Politics is very important in a society and even a country itself, this is because a political system in a society or country will greatly affect the individuals within that specific area.The people within that system are allowed to function or a ct according to the nature of the politics that is applied there. If the system is unable to proceed out, it will either collapse such as the Communist Russia or it will cause go up such as in Czarist Russia. The main goal of Politics must be the capacity of reason. This is because reason is the main means of survival for a man as ones cannot survive in an unable(p) environment. In a moral political system, coercion must be banned because reason does not function under it as man cannot be forced to think about what is right or wrong.Society cannot be forced to think, but, government plays an important role here as governments can accusing laws and also monopoly retaliatory force to prevent one person from doing illegal things that might harm the society. The go away branch of philosophy is also known as the study of arts and the sense of life which is called esthetics. Esthetics also studies the methods of evaluating arts and also the judgment of arts itself. This branch of ph ilosophy depends on the previous branches of philosophy which is Metaphysics, Epistemology, and ethics.It is important to study art because art existed through all of recorded human history. Humans unique ways of thinking and evaluating makes art unique as well. A person ability to abstract the concept of art can determined the standard of ones life as well as satisfying his personal intellectual needs. This is why Esthetics is very important as it delves into the reason why does art existed. The main key element of a proper Esthetics is none other than a persons value judgment of the creator. With the field of ethics, these value judgments can be evaluated as well as observed because art is a selective recreation of reality.

Competition Bikes, Inc. Costing Method and CVP Report Essay

A1. Costing Method RecommendationThis report has been prep atomic number 18d to analyze the true speak toing mode at Competition Bikes, Inc. (CBI) and provide a recommendation for improvement. To support this synopsis, the differences surrounded by tralatitious based be and activity based toll go forth be examined, along with the benefits and drawbacks for each method. A cost-volume-profit evaluation with break- til now analysis for both gross revenue building block of measurements and gross gross revenue dollars for the CarbonLite and te bike passs will also be provided. The main differences between activity-based costing and the traditional costing conventional costing includes both direct and confirming components. Indirect be ( operating expense) argon grouped together. Theres only one cost device chock upr (such as direct labor hours) used to calculate be regardless of what they argon. Activity-based costing breaks down the hit costs into activity cost pool s. All command processing overhead costs are then every last(predicate)ocated into these activity cost pools. This method of costing does require more time to compute the cost to the activity yet it earns that upper-case letter back plus dividends by having a more accurate forecast of the true costs that are associated with each activity. In addition to a go against understanding of costs, implementation of activity-based costing ignore drive improved financial results in the long run.By looking at each crop and what drives its particular costs, focal point can scram a much more detailed sniff out of the true costs involved in producing each product. They can then compare the activity-based costs with the costing system they claim been development to discover what products they may be overpricing, or underpricing for sale in the market. They can also screw potential money wasting activities in their manufacturing process, and work to make those activities more efficient . If management has a better understanding of costs, they can present a stronger business case to get future capital projects funded. The downside to activity-based costing is that it requires a substantial commitment of personnel and financial resources up front. Management must be unbidden to examine their operations rigorously and the data that is gathered may be difficult to accept, particularly by those who are believe the current costing system is just fine and are resistant to change.Traditional costing, on the other hand, is much easier to calculate than activity-based costing, and this makes managers jobs easier. However, traditional costing is so mainly calculated that it may be hiding inefficiencies in the supply chain. Products may be over setd or underpriced, and this can negatively impact the companys bottom line in the long run.By moving to the activity-based cost system, CBI could pin pip if they have been overpricing items, losing market share to competitors. On the flip side, if they underprice an item, they are credibly losing money as the price may be lower than what it costs to produce the bike. They would escape potential revenue to further fund research and development to improve the product for the future. If prices are importantly lower than those of the competition, customers may even hesitate to purchase the product, as they could wonder why the bike is priced so much lower than all the others in the market and have a perception that sub-par materials or manufacturing processes have been used. Since these bikes are a specialty product built to order, customers are generally not as price sensitive as shoppers looking for ready-made bikes.By switching to the activity based costing ( rudiment) method, CBI is also taking advantage of the in-depth knowledge of costs that will result in savings for the company. In the overhead analysis, six manufacturing overhead items and their cost drivers are identified, with a comparison provided between rudiment costing, and Traditional costing assuming 900 social units produced for the Titanium line, and 500 units produced for the Carbonlite line. The cost driver for manufacturing overhead use the traditional method is not identified, but the thoroughgoings are given in the Competition Bikes spreadsheet and are reflected below. Traditional costing method-Titanium line manufacturing overhead cost $239,020-Carbonlite line manufacturing overhead cost $232,380Total traditional manufacturing overhead cost $471,400ABC costing method-Titanium line manufacturing overhead cost $188,415-Carbonlite line manufacturing overhead cost $282,985Total traditional manufacturing overhead cost $471,400Its important to note that the manufacturing overhead totals are identical when calculated using both traditional and ABC methods. This is because its not a difference in overhead, but instead a change in where the overhead is allocated. In the case of CBI, the allocation is quite differe nt between methods.For the Titanium line, the total manufacturing overhead cost with ABC costing is $50,605 lower than with traditional costing a difference of 21%. In other words, CBI has overestimated manufacturing overhead for the Titanium line by 21% using traditional costing. Looking at unit costs, the traditional method per unit cost is $713, while the ABC unit cost is $656. The high unit cost in the traditional costing method makes sense given that the allocation for manufacturing overhead was higher. CBI may be overpricing this bike, which could result in a negative rig on sales. If they could lower the price to a number closer to the true unit cost, they will likely see sales rise.For the Carbonlite line, the total manufacturing overhead cost with ABC costing is $50,605 higher than with traditional costing. CBI had underestimated manufacturing overhead for the Carbonlite line by 18% using traditional costing. Looking at unit costs, the traditional method per unit cost is $1,359, while the ABC unit cost is $1,460. The unit cost calculated using ABC costing was higher than CBI had realized they are likely underpricing this bike, losing out on potential revenues. A review of competitors prices may be in order, to evaluate what the market will bear, as well as an analysis of the impact of raising prices and how that affects sales. Once they have this data, CBI management can make an informed termination whether or not to adjust the Carbonlite sales price, and by how much.A2a. Cost-volume-profit and break-even point evaluation Current scenario CVPAnalysisCost-volume-profit (CVP) analysis is a tool that managers and businesses often use to estimate future levels of operational activity requireed to fend off financial losses, to break even, and to generate a profit. This analysis also helps to target future revenues. CVP analysis can also be used to estimate production levels needed to generate revenues sufficient to recoup capital expenditures such as operational expansion. CVP analysis examines changes in profits in response to changes in sales volumes, costs and prices. The basic CVP equation is sales minus variable quantity costs = donation brim. Sales revenues per unit for the Titanium product are set at $900. The variable cost per unit (costs that vary at once with volume) for the Titanium product is $679. Based on these numbers, the resulting character margin (sales revenue minus variable cost) per unit is $900 $679 = $221. division margin is the amount of profit left after variable costs are subtracted and so they can be considered the contribution to profit for each unit change.For the Carbonlite product, the sales revenue per unit is higher at $1,495 due to the specialized materials and developmentd amount of labor indispensable to manufacture the product. Variable cost is $1,384. The resulting contribution margin per unit is $1,495 $1,384 = $111. Its worth noting that the contribution margin for this produ ct is much littler than that for the Titanium line. A smaller contribution margin generally means the product is not as profitable. When multiple product lines are included in the analysis, to calculate total break-even sales units, a burden average contribution margin (WACM) must be calculated. This is important because various products in the sales flux contribute different amounts of profit. The WACM is calculated by multiplying the unit contribution margin by the percentage of the total sales ruffle up for each product. Expressed as a formula WACM = Product one unit contribution margin (product one sales mix percentage) + product two unit contribution margin (unit two contribution margin percentage)Incorporating the CBI data, with the sales mix proportion of 9 units of Titanium for every 5 units produced of Carbonlite, the WACM is calculated as 221 (.643) + 111 (.357) = $181.71. This number is what the average unitcontributes to CBIs profit on a per unit basis.When the WACM i s known, the Total Contribution valuation reserve Dollars can be calculated. This is the amount of money that the company has to pay unyielding costs. Any money left over after icy costs are paid is profit. If total contribution margin dollars equal hardened costs, the company is at break-even. If total contribution margin dollars are less than fixed costs, that represents a loss for the company. The equation for this figure is Total Contribution Margin Dollars Units sold multiplied by the WACMBreak-even analysisBreak-even sales units can be calculated if the WACM and Total Contribution Margin Dollars needed to break-even are known, as follows Total Contribution Margin Dollars/WACM. To calculate sales units and sales dollars required for break-even, a few steps are required. The first step is to calculate the break-even point in units of sales mix. Break-even point in units of sales mix = Total fixed cost/WACM per unit For CBI, break-even point in units of sales mix is $400,000/ $181.71 = 2201 The next step is to calculate the number of units of Titanium and Carbonlite units at the break-even point. The equation is as follows Number of units at break-even point = Sales mix ratio (total break even units) Break-even point in units for Titanium 0.643 (2201) = 1415Break-even point in units for Carbonlite 0.357 (2201) = 786 The last step is to calculate the break-even point in dollars. The equation is as follows Break-even point in dollars = Product units at break-even point (sales price per unit) Break-even point in dollars for Titanium 1415 (900) = $1,273,500 Break-even point in dollars for Carbonlite 786 (1495) = $1,175,070 Total sales needed to break-even $1,273,500 + $1,175,070 = $2,448,570.To summarize, CBI would need to sell 1415 units of Titanium and 786 units of Carbonlite, generating sales revenues of $2,448,570 to break-even (revenues and costs are equal). A2b. Cost-volume-profit and break-even point evaluation Variable and fixed cost append scenario s Suppose management needed to enlarge the cost of direct materials by 10% as well as add$50,000 in fixed costs to the production facility. What effect would this have on the break-even point?Because the equations are based on the contribution margin as well as the WACM, an increase in the cost of direct materials (variable costs) by 10% will have a significant impact. Lets first examine how cost-volume-profit and break-even point would be impacted if management needed to increase direct materials cost by 10%. I will analyze the $50,000 fixed cost increase separately.Variable cost increase (10% direct materials increase) scenarioCVP AnalysisContribution Margin per unit for Titanium $900 $709 = $191 Contribution Margin per unit for CarbonLite $1495 $1451 = $44The contribution margins for both product lines decreased. Titanium decreased by 13%, and of particular note is the whopping 60% reduction in contribution margin for Carbonlite. This makes sense given that Carbonline has a hi gher variable cost and lower volume, so a percentage increase in variable cost has a greater impact. This product is even more expensive to produce in this scenario, and generating very low profits for the company at this point.With the sales mix proportion of 9 units of Titanium for every 5 units produced of Carbonlite, the WACM per unit is calculated as 191 (.643) + 44 (.357) = $138.50. CVP Summary the 10% increase in direct materials resulted in a 24% decrease in WACM per unit. The bikes are contributing 24% less profit towards profits.Break-even AnalysisBreak-even point in units of sales mix is $400,000/$138.50 = 2888 Break-even point in units for Titanium 0.643 (2888) = 1857Break-even point in units for Carbonlite 0.357 (2888) = 1031 Break-even point in dollars for Titanium 1857 (900) = $1,671,300 Break-even point in dollars for Carbonlite 1031 (1495) = $1,541,345 Total sales needed to break-even $1,671,300 + $1,541,345 = $3,212,645Break-even summary the 10% increase in direct materials cost resulted in a reduced contribution margin per unit for both products. Given that fixed costs in this example were unchanged at $400,000, it makes sense that an increase in variable costs would require an increase in the break-even point to cover the additional expense. In this scenario, the break-even point in units and total sales need to break-even increased by 24% from the current scenario. Its clear that an increase in variable costs can have a disproportionate impact on profits and the break-even point.Fixed cost increase ($50,000) scenarioFor this scenario, I assumed that variable costs remained unchanged from the current scenario (no 10% increase in variable costs) and that fixed cost for the production facility increased from $400,000 to $450,000.CVS AnalysisContribution margin per unit for Titanium $900 $679 = $221 Contribution margin for per unit for Carbonlite $1,495 $1,384 = $111With the sales mix proportion of 9 units of Titanium for every 5 units produ ced of Carbonlite, the WACM per unit is calculated as 221 (.643) + 111 (.357) = $181.71. CVS Summary Since variable costs did not change in this scenario, the contribution margin per unit and weighted average contribution margin/unit are at the akin level as the original example.Break-even AnalysisBreak-even point in units of sales mix is $450,000/$181.71 = 2476 Break-even point in units for Titanium 0.643 (2476) = 1592Break-even point in units for Carbonlite 0.357 (2476) = 884 Break-even point in dollars for Titanium 1592 (900) = $1,432,800 Break-even point in dollars for Carbonlite 884 (1495) = $1,321,580 Total sales needed to break-even $1,432,800 + $1,321,580 = $2,754,380Break-even summary Compared to the current scenario, the $50,000 increase in fixed costs (11% over the $400,000 example in the current scenario) had an impact of increasing the break-even point in units of sales mix by 275units, or 11%. Since the contribution margin was unchanged in this example, the increase i s less than in the scenario with 10% increase in direct materials. The break-even point in dollars also increased by 11%. The fact that the increase in the break-even point exactly matches the increase in fixed costs illustrates that as fixed costs rise, the break-even point will rise in proportion assuming the sales mix remains unchanged.Comparing all three scenarios, the CVP and break-even analysis provides insight on how increases in variable and fixed costs affect contribution margins and break-even numbers. Variable cost increases have a disproportionate impact on increasing margins and break-even numbers, while the fixed cost increases result in a proportionate impact on increasing these measures. CBIs management should consider these impacts when considering cost increases for their product lines.

Cultural Characteristics of India Essay

With to a greater extent than half of the acidulateforce being in agriculture, serve however, is the biggest contributing factor the economic proceeds in India. The information technology (IT) sector is where most of the growth is taking place. Many companies in the United States atomic number 18 beginning to outsource their help desk and programming specialties to India where the confinement is cheaper and there are an abundance of qualified individuals. In-fact some(prenominal) of the positions you see in IT are filled by throng native to India simply because training for these specialties is limited in the U.S. For example, if you were looking to hire an Extract, Transform, and Load (ETL) developer it is highly unlikely that you will find a U. S. citizen with these skill sets, and if you did the U. S. bumdidate would certainly be demanding more m one(a)y. Indias cleverness to train highly qualified IT professionals and ability to provide cheaper labor will continue to po st to their increase in economic growth. Ultimately, it is those cultural characteristics we have discussed in class that has led India to so a good deal growth everyplace the last decade.They are a collectivist society, with a bigger power outgo and a contrasting set of lever channelizeations from our own. Higher education is of upmost importance, and often times, much more important than inter mortalal relationships. This is evident of the fact that they place so much importance on ones education and its correlation to family status when selecting a bride/ get dressed in an arranged conjugation. India is considered a large power distance culture because there is a clear power structure at bottom the family, the father rules authoritatively, followed by the eldest son and moving down the ladder by age and sex (Neuliep, 2009. 9). Within the Indian culture the children are expected to be obedient and many Indian children find out that their parents in reality founding fa thert understand what it is like to grow up in todays diverse society. Indian parents constantly expect their children to go to the right schools, only converse with people who dish out the same cultural backgrounds and to marry within their own race and religion. There are many antithetic religions in India which hold Muslim, Hindu, Christian and Sikh. In India, even though you may share the same ethnicity if you do non share the same religious beliefs, coupling is forbidden.In my research I have come across a common theme within the Indian culture, and that is that Indian parents love to gossip virtually e genuinelything they constantly discuss who got into what school, and who is acquire married to whom. Its not to say that Indian parents dont want whats best for their children because they do. In the article Indian Parents and Societal Pressure the author Arti Nehru states, The really sad part about all of this is that parents truly want their children to be happy. But th ey are unsupportive in many instances because they worry about ne thing What will people say? The Indian culture is more of a collectivist culture who has the tendency to stress the importance of a group over the importance of the individual. Neuliep confirms that, In collectivist cultures, people are not seen as isolated individuals. quite a little see themselves as interdependent with others their (e. g. , their ingroup), where responsibility is shared and accountability is collective. A persons individuality is defined by his or her group memberships (Neuliep, 2009. Pg. 41).Most of their regard ass come from their traditional beliefs, their religious idol worship and their secular spirituality. It is these value orientations that shape the way the Indian culture communicates with individuals in their own culture as well as with individuals outside of their culture. Values can affect the way people communicate within their own culture and with people of different cultures. T hey are evaluative beliefs that synthesize affective and cognitive elements to orient people to the world in which they live (Mooney, 2001, 2828).The value orientation model is used to compare high-context cultures much(prenominal) as the Indian collectivist culture with low-context individualistic cultures such as the United States. It can be broken down into six different categories self, family, society, human nature, nature, and supernatural. In a collectivist culture such as the Indian culture self refers to how one may view themselves in relationship to others, and can further be broken down into three different sub-categories self-identity, age, and activity. In India self-identity would suggest that people value conformity and cooperation.In India people are interdependent with others, and for them, responsibility and accountability are shared and dissever among the group members. (Neulip, 2009, 63-64). Age for a collectivist, high-context culture is respect when they are old and conversely, in an individualistic, low-context culture, age is admired when they are young. In a collectivist culture like India the people tend be very spiritual and believe that people should embrace life. The activity one performs on a daily prat is of less importance in a country like India. Whereas in the United States, activity ften refers to how people identify themselves through their activities such as their professions and occupations. Often times when Americans are asked who they are, they will answer with what they do for a living indicating that they tend to associate who they are, with what they do. Family within a collectivist culture such as India tends to be more authoritative in nature. The head of the household will invite the decisions kinda than having everyone work together as a democracy when making decisions. In India, families are less mobile, and will unendingly attempt to sit down together when eating dinner.There is often a strict hierarch y that is followed among family members with the man of the house being at the top. The men and women in Indian families have very different roles within the family, which coincide with ones hierarchal power. The male of the house makes the decisions, provides for the family and the women often times make the meals at night and take care of the children. In Indi,a family is a very important concept and wedlock is considered to be sacred and is meant to last a life time. The term society in India can be broken down into two categories social reciprocity and group membership.According to Neuliep social reciprocity refers to the coarse exchanges people make in their dealings with others (65). In collectivist cultures like India, if one asks another for a favor it is expected that an equal exchange of favors will occur. In India, group membership is often a pervasive formality they have a tendency to join only a few different groups over a life-time. In the United States membership in a group is usually victimize lived, whereas in India people are highly selective and group membership is usually a lengthened commitment.This idea of a prolonged commitment to a group stems from those same cultural values that marriage does. In India, they practice arranged marriages and it is considered a lifelong commitment that is viewed as sacred. What may seem rummy to the youth in the United States is actually embraced by youth in India. Many children in India feel that it gives them the ability to focus on their youth, and their education without the distraction or worry that an adolescence relationship can act as to the picture.It is also said that the youth in India feel secure in their parents ability to choose an acceptable partner for them, trusting that their parents have enough experience and knowledge to do so without creating a disastrous situation (Galt, 2011, 2). Many cultures like India believe that when marriages are not pre-arranged they tend to cut back ou t too quickly. They believe it is because the two people have already gotten to know each other, rather than spending a life-time together after marriage getting to know each other. Marrying a person you dont know gives one a lifetime to learn to love them, as oppose to the American ideal of learning a person inside and out before entering into marriage (Galt, 2011, 3). In the United States, many believe that the idea of an arranged marriage is something that is forced upon the two getting married. This however isnt true, in India before a marriage can become official the bride and groom are afforded the opportunity to meet each other to decide if they would like to go forward with the marriage.You tycoon be surprised to hear that any rejection to a proposed marriage rarely occurs, and more often than not the proposed bride and groom will go through with the wedding as planned. This is because the parents of the bride and groom do their due-diligence and will often times spend yea rs looking for a suitable bride or groom. They spend countless hours group meeting with the families and friends, considering hundreds of different aspects and comparison points before the potential bride and groom ever meet each other (Galt, 2011, 6).In many ways the Indian culture is different than our own, we have the tendency to be more of an individualistic culture while they tend be more collectivist. We are considered a low-context culture, while India is considered a high-context culture. We value or independence and look out for our own self-interests over that of the group. In India, they value the group over the individual and believe that if one fails, they all fail. Even though we may differ culturally we are still similar in many ways, the biggest being our level of diversity we are both comprised of many different values, ethnicities, and religious beliefs.

Issues and Controversies

Position Paper Garrett Kaufmann ISSUES AND CONTROVERSIES ON FILE Citizenship 2nd design Gun Control Due 1/14/2013 May 29, 1998 Pages 225-233 I strongly debate that our adjust to keep and bear laces that was outflown to us as American citizens in the second amendment of the ecesis should be upheld and gun control is not the answer to stopping gun hysteria.A well-regulated militia being ingested to the security of a free state, the right of the masses to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed. The Second Amendment. Our nations forefathers gave us this right when they signed the constitution of the United States of America September 17, 1787. Although there has been dig over the wording of the amendment and whether it actually means every individual person or only people who belong to a state-regulated militia.I think it is obvious that they meant each individual person. In a celestial latitude 1989 word in the Yale Law Journal, titled The Embarrassing second amendment by scholar Sanford Levinson, a liberal populist who supports gun control said that The second amendment was clearly written to give all citizens, not hardly trained soldiers belonging to a militia the right to keep firearms. Other scholars insured and noted that in 1792 congress actually passed a militia low to mandate every adequate to(p)-bodied man to arm himself with a musket.The Brady Act is a controversial law which was signed by President Clinton in 1993 and that took forcefulness in 1994 (named for President Reagans press secretary who was paralyzed when zest in a 1981 blackwash attempt on the president) which requires prospective gun acquireers to wait 5 days before they can buy a gun while local law enforcement officials do a background check to ask sure some(prenominal)one who is prohibited from owning a firearm such as convicted felons, minors, druggies or illegal immigrants cant buy a gun.Although gun control advocates say that laws such as this one atomic numb er 18 prudent for a drop in gun fatalities and violent crime Tania Metaska , executive director for the National sound Association (NRA) rejects this claim and says violent crime began to decline before 1993 and that the background checks and waiting periods are unsuitable to criminals since the vast majority of felons obtain firearms on the black market or by theft, not by means of dealers affected by the Brady law.The Supreme Court agreed that the Brady Bill wasnt the answer when they tip-tilted major portions of the law in the 1997 case Printz vs US when they said the law infringed on state sovereignity rights and it gift an unfair burden on local officials. The NRA and other gun-rights groups contend that it is not the Brady law that has helped to spark a nationwide decline in crime but Right to Carry or the passing of secret weapons laws in many states. Florida began the national trend towards more permissive obscure weapon laws in 1987 and since indeed 30 other states have followed.Floridas Shall Issue law requires law enforcement officials to immediately issue permits to any eligible applicant, eligible meaning that they dont have a criminal record or history of serious mental illness. Gun-right advocates say these types of laws are necessary because people need to be able to protect themselves from a high crime rate, a legal system that cant wooden-headed criminals in jail and the lack of resources or manpower of law enforcement to protect them.In surveys of convicted felons, criminals admit that they target victims that they believe to be unarmed and avoid those who might have weapons. A study done between 1977 and 1994 by two researchers at the University of Chicago found a good deal lower crime rates in Illinois counties that allowed concealed weapons, and that murder rates dropped 8. 5%, rapes 5% and aggravated assaults by 7%. In May 1998 15 year old Kip Kinkle fatally shot both his parents then took 3 guns to Thurston High civilize in Springfield, OR. here he shot 24 students, killing 2 of them. One Month subsequently in Jonesboro, Arkansas two boys were arrested for fatally shooting 5 people and wounding 10 others. and so of course there was the shooting at Sandy Hook Elementary just this last December when 20 year old Adam Lanza shot his mom dead then went to the school and shot and killed 26 people, most of them little kids. School shootings are a horrible tragedy and they only give gun-control groups more ammunition for their argument.I guess I can see their point but I agree with the gun rights advocates when they say it is a mistake to blame guns for all the school shooting. I agree with the locution Guns dont kill people- people kill people. I think the people that do these things are sick in the head and that they need mental help and would still probably drive a way to hurt people even if they didnt have access to guns. Im sure its gone up some since this article was written but studies have shown th at violence in our nations schools is actually pretty rare.A March 1998 White House study found only 10% of all schools reported serious violence. I dont really feel that I need to carry a gun to protect myself here where I put up but if I did live in a big city I would definitely what to have the right to carry a gun to protect myself and my family. But I do love to hunt and I own 5 guns for that purpose. My dad has taught me about gun safety since I was a little kid. I have been through required gun safety training which I think is a good thing.The article states that in many rural areas of our country guns are not regarded by many as an evil, but patently as part of a way of life. In those regions, hunting is a popular sport and accomplishment how to use a gun is often a rite of passage for many young boys and girls. Guns are treated with pride and respect and gun safety is a paramount concern. Because many young people in those regions are exposed to guns at an early age and trained to use them safely, they are much more likely to understand the risks of guns and treat them properly.